Hipotiroidizmi

Hipotiroidizmi is a medical condition characterized by an underactive thyroid gland, meaning it does not produce enough thyroid hormones. These hormones are crucial for regulating metabolism, energy levels, and many other bodily functions. When thyroid hormone levels are low, many of the body's processes slow down.

The most common cause of hipotiroidizmi in iodine-sufficient regions is Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks the thyroid gland. Other causes can include thyroid surgery, radiation therapy to the neck, certain medications, and deficiencies in iodine. Congenital hipotiroidizmi is present at birth.

Symptoms of hipotiroidizmi can develop gradually and may be subtle, making diagnosis challenging. Common signs include fatigue, weight gain, feeling cold, dry skin, hair loss, constipation, muscle weakness, and a slower heart rate. In more severe cases, it can lead to depression, memory problems, and a puffy face. If left untreated, severe hipotiroidizmi can progress to myxedema, a life-threatening condition.

Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests measuring levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones (T4 and T3). Elevated TSH levels usually indicate hipotiroidizmi. Treatment involves thyroid hormone replacement therapy, usually with a synthetic form of thyroxine (T4), taken orally. This medication helps to restore hormone levels to normal and alleviate symptoms. Regular monitoring by a healthcare professional is essential to ensure the correct dosage and overall health management.