Hiperkoagulabilitás

Hiperkoagulabilitás is a medical condition characterized by an increased tendency of the blood to coagulate, leading to the formation of blood clots inside the blood vessels. This condition is the opposite of hypocoagulability, which is a more common condition, and can be caused by various genetic and acquired factors.

The most common cause of hiperkoagulabilitás is an inherited defect in the coagulation system, often resulting from mutations in the factor V Leiden gene or the prothrombin gene. These genetic abnormalities lead to the overproduction or overactivity of coagulation factors, causing the blood to clot more easily. Other causes of hiperkoagulabilitás include pregnancy, trauma, surgery, and certain blood disorders such as sickle cell anemia or leukemia.

Symptoms of hiperkoagulabilitás can vary depending on the location and size of the blood clot. In severe cases, hiperkoagulabilitás can lead to thrombosis, which can cause a blockage in the veins (deep vein thrombosis) or arteries (arterial thrombosis). If the blood clot travels to the lungs, it can cause a pulmonary embolism, a potentially life-threatening condition. Other symptoms may include swelling, redness, warmth, and pain in the affected limb.

Diagnosis of hiperkoagulabilitás typically involves laboratory tests, such as blood tests to measure the levels of coagulation factors and the presence of blood clots. Treatment for hiperkoagulabilitás usually involves anticoagulant medications, such as warfarin, low-molecular-weight heparin, or aspirin, to prevent further clotting. In severe cases, thrombectomy may be required to remove the blood clot.