Hidroxilapatit

Hidroxilapatit is a mineral form of calcium apatite with the formula Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH). It is a member of the apatite group of minerals. Hydroxylapatite is the main mineral of bone and teeth. It is also found in some mineral spring waters. The mineral name hydroxylapatite is a পোর্টমanteau of the chemical formula, indicating the presence of both hydroxide (OH⁻) and phosphate (PO₄³⁻) ions.

In its pure form, hydroxylapatite is a white solid. However, it is often found in nature with impurities, which can give it a yellowish or brownish color. Hydroxylapatite is relatively insoluble in water, but it can dissolve in acidic solutions. The compound is a key component of the mineralized tissues in vertebrates, providing rigidity and strength to bones and teeth. Dental enamel, the outermost layer of teeth, is composed primarily of hydroxylapatite, making it one of the hardest substances in the human body.

Beyond its biological significance, hydroxylapatite has various industrial and medical applications. It is used as a biomaterial in bone grafting and as a dental filler. Its ability to bind to certain ions makes it useful in chromatography for purifying proteins and other biomolecules. Hydroxylapatite can also be synthesized and used in various forms, including nanoparticles, for diverse applications ranging from drug delivery to environmental remediation. The structure of hydroxylapatite allows for substitution of its ions by other elements, which can alter its properties and potential uses.