Herzvergrößerung

Herzvergrößerung, also known as cardiomegaly, refers to an enlarged heart. This condition is not a disease in itself but rather a sign of an underlying problem. The heart can enlarge due to various reasons, including high blood pressure, valve disease, heart muscle diseases (cardiomyopathies), and congenital heart defects. Other factors like anemia, thyroid problems, and even viral infections can contribute to cardiomegaly.

The enlargement typically occurs when the heart muscle has to work harder or is damaged. For example, in conditions like aortic stenosis, where a heart valve is narrowed, the left ventricle has to pump harder to push blood through the restricted opening, leading to its thickening and eventual enlargement. Similarly, in dilated cardiomyopathy, the heart muscle becomes weak and stretched, causing the chambers to enlarge.

Symptoms of a heart enlargement can vary depending on the cause and severity. Some individuals may experience no symptoms, while others might suffer from shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling in the legs and feet, irregular heartbeat, and chest pain. If left untreated, cardiomegaly can lead to heart failure, a serious condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.

Diagnosis usually involves a physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests such as an echocardiogram, chest X-ray, and electrocardiogram (ECG). Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause of the heart enlargement. This might involve medications to manage blood pressure, diuretics to reduce fluid buildup, or specific treatments for heart valve problems or cardiomyopathies. Lifestyle changes, including a healthy diet and regular exercise, are also often recommended.