Hemophthalmos

Hemophthalmos is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of blood in the vitreous humor of the eyeball. The vitreous humor is the clear gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the eye. In a normal eye, the blood vessels that supply the retina are tightly controlled by the blood-ocular barrier, preventing blood from leaking into the vitreous humor. However, in individuals with hemophthalmos, this barrier is disrupted, allowing blood to seep into the vitreous humor.

Hemophthalmos can be caused by a variety of factors, including trauma, retinal detachment, uveitis, and idiopathic (unknown origin). The symptoms of hemophthalmos typically develop gradually and may include blurred vision, eye pain, redness, and sensitivity to light. In severe cases, vision may be completely lost. Diagnosis of hemophthalmos is typically made through a comprehensive eye examination, which may include a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies (such as OCT or ultrasound), and MRI scanning.

Treatment of hemophthalmos depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. In some cases, drainage of the blood may be necessary to restore vision. This can be achieved through a procedure known as vitreous aspiration or vitreotomy, which involves removing the blood from the vitreous humor. In other cases, laser therapy or anti-inflammatory medications may be used to reduce inflammation and promote healing. It is essential for individuals experiencing symptoms of hemophthalmos to seek medical attention promptly to prevent further damage and preserve vision.