Helleborus

Helleborus is a genus of herbaceous perennial flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, native to Europe and western Asia. It comprises about 20 species and a large number of hybrids and cultivars, commonly grown for their winter and early spring flowers. The group is widely referred to by common names such as hellebores, Christmas roses (not a true rose) and Lenten roses, with distinctions often made between H. niger and garden hybrids.

Plants have palmately divided leaves, often evergreen in milder climates. The flowers are cup- or bowl-shaped and usually appear before or with the leaves. Each bloom is typically formed by five or more petaloid sepals surrounding a central cluster of nectaries. Colors range from white, pink, and red to purple and green, including bi- and tri-colored varieties; many cultivars produce double flowers.

Hellebores are native to woodland and scrub habitats in temperate regions. In cultivation they prefer partial shade, rich, well-drained soils with ample organic matter, and consistent moisture. They are tolerant of cold winters and are valued for providing early nectar for pollinators. Most species grow slowly and benefit from mulching and protection from harsh sun in hot climates.

Propagation is usually by division in spring or fall, or by seed. Hybrids, particularly Helleborus x hybridus, form the backbone of garden plantings and offer a broad range of colors and flower forms. Seed-raised plants may take several years to bloom.

Toxicity: All parts of hellebores contain toxins and can be poisonous if ingested; handling should be done with gloves to avoid skin irritation.

Garden use: Hellebores are popular for shaded borders, woodland gardens, and underplanting, providing reliable winter interest and early-season color.