Harnsäuresteinen

Harnsäuresteinen, also known as uric acid stones, are a type of kidney stone formed from uric acid. Uric acid is a waste product produced by the body when purines, which are found in certain foods and are also produced naturally by the body, are broken down. Normally, uric acid dissolves in the blood and is excreted by the kidneys in urine. However, if urine becomes too concentrated with uric acid, or if the urine is too acidic, uric acid crystals can form and clump together to create stones.

Several factors can contribute to the formation of harnsäuresteinen. These include a diet high in purines, such as red meat, organ meats, and some seafood. Dehydration, which leads to more concentrated urine, is also a significant risk factor. Certain medical conditions like gout, which is characterized by high levels of uric acid in the blood, and metabolic syndrome can increase the likelihood of stone formation. Some medications and genetic factors can also play a role.

Symptoms of harnsäuresteinen can vary depending on the size and location of the stone. Small stones may pass without causing noticeable symptoms. Larger stones can cause severe pain in the side and back, below the ribs. This pain, often referred to as renal colic, can radiate to the lower abdomen and groin. Other symptoms may include painful urination, a frequent urge to urinate, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, and blood in the urine.

Diagnosis of harnsäuresteinen typically involves imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or ultrasounds to visualize the stones. Urinalysis can help detect the presence of uric acid crystals and assess urine acidity. Blood tests may be performed to check uric acid levels and kidney function. Treatment depends on the size and severity of symptoms. Smaller stones may be managed with increased fluid intake to help them pass. Pain medication is often prescribed. For larger stones or those causing significant blockage, medical procedures like extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) or surgical removal may be necessary. Prevention strategies focus on increasing fluid intake, reducing purine-rich foods, and sometimes medication to lower uric acid levels or alkalinize the urine.