Happosyövytys

Happosyövytys, also known as acid etching or acid engraving, is a technique used to create designs or patterns on surfaces, most commonly glass and metal. It involves applying a protective coating, such as wax or a stencil, to the surface, leaving only the areas to be etched exposed. Then, a strong acid, such as hydrofluoric acid for glass or nitric acid for certain metals, is applied to the exposed areas. The acid chemically reacts with the material, dissolving or corroding the surface and creating a frosted or recessed effect.

The depth and appearance of the etch can be controlled by the type of acid used, its concentration, the duration of exposure, and the temperature. This method is versatile and can produce a wide range of effects, from subtle frosted textures to deep, intricate carvings. Historically, acid etching has been used for decorative purposes on glassware, architectural elements, and jewelry. In industrial applications, it is employed for creating micro-features on semiconductor wafers, marking components, and preparing surfaces for further processing. Safety precautions are paramount when working with strong acids due to their corrosive nature, requiring appropriate ventilation, protective gear, and careful handling procedures.