Happoemäshäiriöiden

Happoemäshäiriöiden, often translated as acid-base imbalance, refers to a medical condition where the pH of the body's fluids, particularly blood, falls outside the normal range. The body maintains a tightly regulated pH, typically between 7.35 and 7.45, which is crucial for optimal enzyme function and cellular processes. Disruptions to this balance can lead to serious health consequences.

There are two primary types of acid-base imbalance: acidosis, where the pH is too low (too acidic), and alkalosis, where the pH is too high (too alkaline). These imbalances can arise from respiratory causes, involving the lungs' ability to regulate carbon dioxide levels, or metabolic causes, related to the kidneys' control over bicarbonate levels or other metabolic processes.

Common causes of acidosis include respiratory depression (e.g., from drug overdose or lung disease) and metabolic issues like diabetic ketoacidosis or kidney failure. Alkalosis can be caused by hyperventilation (e.g., during anxiety attacks) or metabolic problems such as persistent vomiting or excessive use of diuretics.

Symptoms vary depending on the type and severity of the imbalance. Acidosis can manifest as confusion, fatigue, shortness of breath, and even coma. Alkalosis may present with muscle twitching, nausea, vomiting, and tingling sensations. Diagnosis involves blood gas analysis, which measures pH, carbon dioxide levels, and bicarbonate. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause and restoring the body's pH to normal.