Halogénidek

Halogénidek is the Hungarian term for halides. Halides are binary chemical compounds in which one or more halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, or astatine) are bonded to another element or group. In inorganic chemistry, halides typically refer to compounds where a halogen is bonded to a metal or metalloid. For example, sodium chloride (NaCl), commonly known as table salt, is a halide where chlorine is bonded to sodium. Other common inorganic halides include potassium bromide (KBr) and calcium fluoride (CaF2).

In organic chemistry, the term organohalide is used for compounds where a halogen atom is covalently bonded to a carbon atom. These compounds are widespread and include substances like chloromethane (CH3Cl), chloroform (CHCl3), and the Freons. Organohalides play significant roles in various industrial processes and biological systems, though some can be environmentally persistent.

The properties of halides vary widely depending on the elements involved. Ionic halides, such as those formed between alkali metals and halogens, are often crystalline solids with high melting points and are soluble in water. Covalent halides, particularly organohalides, can be gases, liquids, or solids with lower melting points and often have different solubility characteristics. Halogens are highly electronegative, which influences the polarity and reactivity of the halide compounds they form.