Haleakal

Haleakal, commonly spelled Haleakalā, is a shield volcano forming the eastern two-thirds of the Hawaiian island of Maui. The summit rises to 3,055 meters (10,023 feet) above sea level, and the broad crater is about 12 kilometers (7 miles) in diameter. The Hawaiian name Haleakalā is often translated as House of the Sun, reflecting local legends about the sun's residence on the mountain.

Geology and landscape: Haleakalā was built by repeated lava flows and volcanic deposits over millions of years. The summit region is arid and windswept, while the Kipahulu Valley on the southeast slope hosts tropical rainforest. The volcano is regarded as dormant; no historical eruptions are known in the modern era.

Protection and administration: Haleakalā National Park was established in 1976, merging the former Haleakalā National Monument. It covers about 33,000 acres and protects the summit area and the Kipahulu Valley, including the Pools of ʻOheʻo.

Ecology: The park contains subalpine and tropical ecosystems, with endemic species such as the Haleakalā silversword (Argyroxiphium sandwicense subsp. macrocephalum) and the nēnē. Invasive species and climate change pose conservation challenges.

Visiting and culture: The area is a major destination for sunrise viewing, stargazing, and hiking. Sunrise access requires a permit issued by the National Park Service to manage crowds. Visitors should be prepared for cold, windy conditions at altitude.