Hakkurivirtalähde

Hakkurivirtalähde, also known as a switching-mode power supply (SMPS), is an electronic power supply that uses a switching regulator to convert electrical power efficiently. Unlike linear power supplies, which dissipate excess power as heat, switching power supplies rapidly switch current on and off, storing energy in components like inductors and capacitors. This switching action allows for a much smaller and lighter design for a given power output.

The core principle of a hakkurivirtalähde involves a high-frequency switching element, typically a transistor, that is controlled by a feedback loop. This feedback loop monitors the output voltage and adjusts the switching duty cycle to maintain a stable output. The input AC voltage is first rectified and filtered to a DC voltage. This DC voltage is then chopped or switched at a high frequency, typically tens or hundreds of kilohertz. This switched DC is then passed through a transformer, which can step the voltage up or down. Finally, the output of the transformer is rectified and filtered to produce the desired DC output voltage.

Hakkurivirtalähteitä are widely used due to their high efficiency, typically ranging from 70% to over 90%. This efficiency translates to less wasted energy and reduced heat generation, making them ideal for compact electronic devices. They are found in a vast array of applications, including computer power supplies, mobile phone chargers, televisions, gaming consoles, and industrial equipment. While generally reliable, the high switching frequencies and complex circuitry can sometimes lead to electromagnetic interference (EMI), requiring careful design and shielding.