HPVdriven

HPVdriven is a term used to describe cancers and other lesions whose development depends on infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). The most common high-risk types are HPV16 and HPV18. In HPVdriven cancers, viral oncogenes E6 and E7 promote malignant transformation by inactivating tumor suppressor proteins p53 and retinoblastoma (Rb), leading to cell cycle progression and genetic instability. Integration of viral DNA into the host genome is frequently observed and can influence gene expression, although episomal HPV DNA can also sustain oncogenic activity. A hallmark of many HPVdriven tumors is overexpression of the cell cycle regulator p16, which is often used as a surrogate marker of HPV-driven oncogenesis when detected by immunohistochemistry.

The most well-known HPVdriven cancers are cervical cancer and HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, with others including anal, penile, vaginal, and vulvar cancers. HPVdriven OPSCC tends to have a better prognosis and response to treatment compared with HPV-negative counterparts, and this has influenced research into treatment deintensification in selected patients.

Diagnosis typically involves detection of HPV DNA or RNA, in combination with p16 status. Prevention through vaccination against HPV reduces the incidence of HPVdriven cancers, and regular screening remains important for cervical cancer. While most HPV infections are cleared by the immune system, persistent infection with high-risk HPV types poses a risk for cancer development.