HDLassociated

HDLassociated refers to molecules that are bound to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles in human plasma. It is a descriptive term used to denote proteins, enzymes, apolipoproteins, and sometimes lipids that are part of or interact with HDL particles. The concept emphasizes that HDL’s functional properties arise not only from its density or concentration but also from the specific composition of components carried on or associated with the particle.

Common HDLassociated components include apolipoproteins such as ApoA-I and ApoA-II, which form the structural core of HDL and influence cholesterol binding and transport. Other HDLassociated proteins include enzymes and transfer proteins like lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP), and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). HDL can also carry enzymes with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, such as paraoxonase 1 (PON1), and inflammatory-related proteins like serum amyloid A (SAA) during acute-phase responses. The composition of HDLassociated proteins and lipids can vary with physiology, disease states, and metabolic conditions.

Functionally, HDLassociated components contribute to reverse cholesterol transport, protect lipids from oxidation, and modulate inflammation. Because HDL function depends on its molecular makeup rather than solely on HDL cholesterol levels, changes in HDLassociated proteins can alter HDL performance even when HDL-C remains constant. Proteomic and immunochemical analyses are commonly used to characterize HDLassociated profiles in health and disease.

In summary, HDLassociated is a broader descriptor for the diverse set of molecules that associate with HDL particles, shaping their biological activity and cardiovascular significance.