HCFC

HCFC stands for hydrochlorofluorocarbon, a class of synthetic organic compounds containing hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, and carbon. They were developed as transitional alternatives to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) because they have lower ozone depletion potential, but they still release chlorine radicals when they break down in the atmosphere. HCFCs are generally less persistent in the atmosphere than CFCs, but they remain ozone-depleting substances and also contribute to climate change through their greenhouse effect.

Uses and examples: HCFCs have been widely used as refrigerants in air conditioning and refrigeration equipment, as well as blowing agents in polyurethane foams and as solvents in some cleaning processes. Common HCFCs include HCFC-22 (R-22), HCFC-141b, HCFC-123, and HCFC-124.

Environmental impact and regulation: Under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, HCFCs have been subject to phasedown since the 1990s. They are intended as transitional substitutes for CFCs and are being gradually eliminated worldwide, with more rapid schedules in developed countries and longer timelines in many developing nations. In addition to ozone depletion potential, HCFCs have varying global warming potentials and are greenhouse gases; their use is being replaced where feasible with refrigerants and blowing agents that have lower or zero ozone depletion potential and lower GWPs.

Substitutes and current status: Industry has shifted toward hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), hydrocarbons, ammonia, and natural refrigerants, along with alternative blowing agents. HCFCs remain in use in some legacy equipment and small sectors while ongoing phase-down continues globally.