Hálsbólga

Hálsbólga, commonly known as a sore throat, is a painful inflammation of the pharynx, the part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity. It is a frequent symptom of various illnesses, most often viral infections like the common cold or the flu. Bacterial infections, such as strep throat caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, can also lead to significant throat inflammation. Less commonly, allergies, irritants like smoke or dry air, or even acid reflux can contribute to a sore throat.

The primary symptom of hálsbólga is a scratchy or burning sensation in the throat, which often worsens when swallowing. Other associated symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, redness and swelling of the tonsils, and sometimes a fever or headache. In cases of strep throat, white patches or streaks of pus may be visible on the tonsils.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination and a review of symptoms. A rapid strep test or throat culture may be performed to rule out or confirm a bacterial infection, which requires antibiotic treatment. Viral sore throats are usually managed with supportive care.

Treatment for hálsbólga aims to alleviate pain and discomfort. This can include over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen, lozenges or sprays for temporary relief, and gargling with warm salt water. Plenty of rest and fluids are also recommended. Antibiotics are only prescribed for bacterial infections. Most cases of hálsbólga resolve within a week without complications.