Géotechnical

Geotechnical is an adjective referring to or relating to the science of geology and soil mechanics as applied in civil engineering. It is concerned with the behavior of earth materials in relation to construction projects. Geotechnical engineering involves investigating subsurface conditions and materials, determining their physical, mechanical, and chemical properties, and recommending analysis and design based on the findings. This field is crucial for the safe and stable design of structures such as buildings, bridges, dams, tunnels, and roads. It also plays a role in environmental protection, such as in the design of landfills and waste containment systems.

The practice of geotechnical engineering typically begins with site investigation, which may include drilling boreholes, excavating test pits, and conducting in-situ tests. Laboratory testing of soil and rock samples is then performed to determine properties like strength, compressibility, and permeability. These data are used to assess potential risks such as landslides, subsidence, and liquefaction. Geotechnical engineers then design foundations, retaining walls, slopes, and other earth-retaining structures. They also advise on construction methods and monitor the performance of structures during and after construction. The principles of geotechnical engineering are fundamental to ensuring the long-term stability and safety of the built environment.