Guangwu

Guangwu (光武) is the posthumous title of Liu Xiu, commonly known as Emperor Guangwu of Han, the founder of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Born into the Liu clan, he rose to power during the collapse of Wang Mang’s Xin dynasty and led the effort to restore Han rule. In 25 CE he proclaimed himself emperor and established the Eastern Han, with Luoyang as the capital, marking the revival of the Han imperial line after Xin rule. His reign, which lasted until 57 CE, is noted for restoring central authority, reestablishing the imperial bureaucracy, and reviving the economy after years of upheaval. He promoted agricultural development, attempted to reduce corruption, and sought capable officials, including learned scholars favored by Confucian ideals.

Guangwu faced various factional challenges, including counterrevolts and continued pressure from regional powers. Through a combination of military campaigns and administrative reforms, he reasserted Han sovereignty over the former empire and laid the foundations for a relatively stable two-centuries for the Eastern Han. He died in 57 CE and was succeeded by his son Liu Yang, who became Emperor Ming of Han.