Granofelses

Granofelses are coarse-grained, non-foliated metamorphic rocks characterized by a granoblastic texture, in which mineral grains have recrystallized to form an interlocking mosaic of nearly euhedral crystals. The dominant minerals are typically quartz and feldspar, with minor amounts of mica (such as biotite or muscovite) and various accessory minerals like zircon, tourmaline, or garnet. The absence of a strong planar fabric or foliation distinguishes granofelses from many foliated metamorphic rocks such as schists and gneisses.

Formation and texture

Granofelses form by metamorphism that promotes recrystallization of preexisting rocks under conditions of relatively high temperature but low differential stress, producing an equant, interlocking grain texture. They can originate from the metamorphism of silica-rich sandstones or pelitic rocks, where new, well-formed grains enlarge and join to create a uniform granular fabric. Grain sizes can range from fine to coarse, and porphyroblasts of minerals like garnet may occur without producing foliation.

Occurrence and distribution

Granofelses are widely described in continental crustal rocks and are common in various metamorphic terranes. They appear in both low- to medium-grade settings where recrystallization is driven by heat and fluid activity, and in higher-temperature regimes where textures become granuloblastic. They may appear as discrete units within larger metamorphic complexes or around intrusive bodies where contact metamorphism dominates.

Relation to other rocks

Granofelses are metamorphic in origin and differ from igneous granitic rocks by their texture and formation history. They are distinguished from foliated rocks by the lack of a persistent planar fabric, though some granofelses may overprint earlier fabrics or host localized foliation in higher-stress zones.

Uses and significance

Granofelses are primarily of petrological interest, helping to interpret metamorphic conditions and histories. They are not typically used as a major commercial rock, though weathered granofels fragments can contribute to local aggregates.