Goupille

Goupille is a general term for a metal fastener that is inserted through aligned holes to locate, align, or secure components in mechanical assemblies. They are typically simple, inexpensive, and available in various designs, materials, and fits to suit different applications and loads.

Types

- Goupille cylindrique (dowel pin): a smooth cylindrical pin used primarily for precise alignment of parts. It is pressed into a hole, often in paired components, to guarantee repeatable positioning.

- Goupille fendue (cotter pin): a split, typically flexible pin inserted through a hole in a bolt or nut to prevent loosening. The two legs are bent to lock the assembly.

- Goupille à ressort (spring or roll pin): a hollow, slightly oversized pin with a slit that deforms within the hole to provide retention. It is used for securing parts along a shaft or in a bore.

- Goupille conique (taper pin): a conical pin driven into a matching tapered hole, providing a strong, torque-transmitting connection.

Materials and manufacturing

Goupilles are commonly made of steel (carbon or alloy), stainless steel, brass, or aluminum, and may be heat-treated for strength or corrosion resistance. Tolerances and finishes follow regional standards to ensure proper fit, whether interference or clearance is required.

Installation and removal

Dowel pins require precise hole diameters and a press fit. Cotter pins are installed with corresponding holes and nuts and secured by bending the legs. Spring pins rely on interference with the bore to hold parts in place, while taper pins require tapping to seat in the conical hole.

Applications

Used across engineering domains—automotive, aerospace, machinery, furniture and tooling—to locate components, transmit minor torques, or secure assemblies where easy disassembly is needed. Goupilles can be temporary or permanent, depending on design and maintenance needs.

Standards

Dimensions, tolerances, and material specifications for goupilles are governed by ISO, DIN, or ANSI standards depending on the region and application.