Goud

Goud is the Dutch name for the chemical element gold, symbol Au, and atomic number 79. It is a dense, soft, yellow metal known for its exceptional malleability and ductility. Pure gold has a bright luster and is highly resistant to corrosion and oxidation in most environments, though it can be dissolved by aqua regia. Gold melts at 1064°C and boils at 2856°C, with a density of about 19.32 g/cm3.

Occurrence and production: Gold occurs in native form in rocks and in alluvial deposits. It is mined from hard rock ore and placer deposits, using methods such as grinding, flotation, and cyanide leaching, followed by refining to achieve a high level of fineness, typically 99.5% or higher. Small amounts are recovered as byproducts of mining other metals.

Uses and value: The major uses of gold are jewelry and bullion for investment, as well as electronics and specialized equipment due to its high electrical conductivity and resistance to corrosion. In dentistry and medicine, gold compounds are employed in niche applications. To increase hardness, gold is alloyed with copper or silver; purity is expressed in karats, with 24 karat being pure gold.

History and economics: Gold has been valued since ancient times for ornaments, coins, and artifacts and has played a central role in trade and monetary systems, including the gold standard in various eras. Today, it remains a globally traded commodity and a reserve asset held by central banks. Mining and refining involve environmental and safety considerations, requiring responsible practices.