Glyptostrobus

Glyptostrobus is a genus of coniferous trees in the cypress family, Cupressaceae. The sole living species in this genus is Glyptostrobus pensilis, commonly known as the Chinese swamp cypress. It is native to a small area of southeastern China. Historically, its range was much wider, extending into Korea and parts of northern Vietnam.

The Chinese swamp cypress is a deciduous conifer, meaning it sheds its needle-like leaves annually. It typically grows to a height of 15 to 20 meters, though some individuals can reach up to 25 meters. A distinctive feature of Glyptostrobus pensilis is its ability to grow pneumatophores, which are woody projections that emerge from the soil or water and help with gas exchange in waterlogged conditions. This adaptation allows it to thrive in swamps and along riverbanks.

The leaves are arranged spirally on the branchlets, appearing in two ranks, giving the branchlets a flattened appearance. They are typically 1 to 2 cm long, bright green in summer, and turn a reddish-brown or yellowish-brown before falling in autumn. The cones are small, ovate, and mature in a single season.

Glyptostrobus pensilis is critically endangered in the wild due to habitat loss and overexploitation. It is sometimes cultivated as an ornamental tree in gardens and parks, particularly in regions with wet climates. The wood is durable and resistant to decay, historically used for boat building and construction.