Glomeruloskleróza

Glomeruloskleróza refers to the hardening or scarring of the glomeruli, the tiny filtering units within the kidneys. These glomeruli are responsible for removing waste products and excess fluid from the blood. When glomeruloskleróza occurs, the glomeruli become damaged and less efficient at their job. This condition can lead to a gradual decline in kidney function, potentially progressing to chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease.

There are various causes of glomeruloskleróza. Diabetes mellitus is a very common cause, leading to diabetic nephropathy. High blood pressure, or hypertension, is another significant contributor, causing hypertensive nephrosclerosis. Other causes can include certain autoimmune diseases like lupus nephritis, infections, and genetic predispositions. The damage to the glomeruli is often a result of prolonged exposure to high blood sugar, high blood pressure, or inflammatory processes that trigger scar tissue formation.

The symptoms of glomeruloskleróza can be subtle in the early stages and may include protein in the urine (proteinuria), blood in the urine (hematuria), swelling in the legs and ankles (edema), and high blood pressure. As the condition progresses, symptoms of kidney failure may emerge, such as fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite, and changes in urination. Diagnosis typically involves blood and urine tests to assess kidney function and detect protein or blood. Kidney biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of damage. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause, such as controlling diabetes and hypertension, and slowing the progression of kidney disease through medications and lifestyle changes.