Ghouta

Ghouta, also spelled Ghoutah (Arabic: الغوطة), is a rural region surrounding Damascus, Syria, extending to the east and west of the capital. The name derives from Arabic and generally refers to a belt of green, cultivated land that historically bordered the city. Geographically, Ghouta lies in the Barada River valley and comprises numerous towns and villages that have long supplied Damascus with vegetables, fruit, and other agricultural products.

Historically, Ghouta has been valued for its irrigation-based agriculture and market gardens. The area supported crops such as citrus fruits, olives, and a variety of vegetables, contributing to the Damascus region’s food supply. Before the civil war, it was one of the most densely populated rural areas near the capital.

During the Syrian Civil War, Eastern Ghouta became a major rebel-held enclave near Damascus. From 2013 to 2018, it endured a prolonged siege and bombardment, resulting in a severe humanitarian crisis. In August 2013, the Ghouta region was the site of a large-scale chemical attack, prompting international investigations and widespread condemnation. In 2018, government forces retook Eastern Ghouta after a military offensive and negotiated evacuations and reconciliations. Following these events, control of the area was reasserted by the Syrian government, and many residents and fighters relocated under negotiated agreements.

Today, Ghouta remains a densely populated, agriculturally oriented area surrounding Damascus, under government authority. Reconstruction and restoration of infrastructure have been ongoing, as displaced residents consider returning and normal life resumes amid broader stabilization efforts in the capital region.