Gefährdungsanalyse

Gefährdungsanalyse is a systematic examination of potential hazards and associated risks for a product, process, workplace, or activity. Its goal is to identify, evaluate, and control risks to health, safety, property, and the environment, and to support informed decision-making for preventive measures.

The concept is a core element of risk management and occupational safety. In Germany it often complements the Gefährdungsbeurteilung (hazard assessment) required by the Arbeitssschutzgesetz (Occupational Safety Act) and aligns with international standards such as ISO 45001. A Gefährdungsanalyse is typically conducted in situations such as the introduction of new processes, changes to existing operations, after near-misses or incidents, or when legal or contractual requirements demand a deeper risk understanding.

Common methods used in Gefährdungsanalysen include qualitative and semi-quantitative techniques such as HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study), What-If analysis, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA), Fault Tree Analysis, and the Bow-Tie method. These approaches help to systematically identify hazards, evaluate the likelihood and consequences of risks, and determine appropriate protective measures.

The typical process follows defined steps: establish scope and boundaries, gather relevant information, identify hazards, assess and prioritize risks, select and implement control measures, document outcomes, and assign responsibilities. After implementation, the residual risk should be monitored and reviewed to ensure effectiveness and to adapt to changes in operations, equipment, or personnel. The outputs usually include a risk register, an action plan, and documentation to support compliance and continuous improvement.