Gebälk

Gebälk refers to the load-bearing structural elements in a building that typically lie horizontally above walls or columns and support the weight of a roof or upper floor. It is a fundamental component of traditional timber-framed construction and is also found in masonry and stone architecture. The term encompasses various types of beams, rafters, and purlins, depending on the specific architectural context and historical period.

In timber framing, gebälk systems are often complex, featuring interconnected beams like tie beams, wall plates, and ridge beams. These elements distribute the structural loads to the vertical supports, ensuring the stability and integrity of the building. The materials used for gebälk are usually strong and durable wood, such as oak, pine, or fir, chosen for their load-bearing capacity and resistance to decay.

In masonry construction, gebälk can refer to stone lintels spanning openings like doors and windows, or larger timber beams incorporated into brick or stone walls to support upper levels or roof structures. The design and size of the gebälk are crucial and are determined by the anticipated loads, the span it needs to cover, and the materials used in its construction. Over time, gebälk can be subject to sagging, rot, or insect damage, requiring inspection and potential repair or replacement to maintain the building's structural soundness.