Gassläckmedel

Gassläckmedel, often translated as gas extinguishing agent, refers to a substance used in fire suppression systems that operates by reducing the concentration of oxygen in the air to a point where combustion can no longer be sustained. These agents are typically gaseous and are introduced into the protected space, displacing oxygen. Common examples include inert gases like nitrogen, argon, and their mixtures, as well as carbon dioxide. Halocarbons, such as FK-5-1-12 (marketed as 3M™ Novec™ 1230 fire protection fluid) and HFCs, also fall into this category, though their use is increasingly scrutinized due to environmental concerns like ozone depletion potential and global warming potential.

The principle behind gas extinguishing agents is either oxygen displacement or, in the case of halocarbons, a chemical flame inhibition process. Inert gases work by diluting the atmosphere to below the level required for combustion. Carbon dioxide extinguishes fires by a combination of oxygen displacement and cooling, as it absorbs heat during its expansion from a liquid to a gas. Halocarbons, particularly newer generations, work by absorbing heat and interfering with the chemical chain reaction of the fire.

Gas extinguishing systems are often employed in areas where water or other traditional extinguishing agents could cause significant damage to sensitive equipment or valuable assets, such as server rooms, archives, museums, and certain industrial process areas. They are designed to discharge quickly, filling the space and suppressing the fire rapidly, often with minimal residue. Safety considerations are paramount, as high concentrations of these agents can pose an asphyxiation risk to personnel. Therefore, these systems are typically equipped with warning alarms and timed discharge sequences to allow for evacuation.