GaleazziFraktur

Galeazzi fracture, also known as Galeazzi fracture-dislocation, is a fracture of the distal third of the radius accompanied by dislocation or instability of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ). The injury is named after Riccardo Galeazzi, who described it in the early 20th century. It represents a fracture-dislocation pattern of the forearm and is less common than some other forearm injuries.

Mechanism and anatomy: A fracture of the distal radius disrupts the forearm’s radioulnar congruity, with injury to the distal radioulnar joint and often the interosseous membrane. DRUJ instability may be dorsal or volar, and the ulna may be involved indirectly through ligamentous or membranous support. The result is a broken radius with a relocated or unstable DRUJ.

Presentation and diagnosis: Patients present with pain, swelling, deformity, and tenderness at the distal forearm and wrist, with limited forearm rotation. Diagnosis is confirmed by radiographs of the forearm and wrist in multiple views; the radiographs typically show a distal radius fracture with incongruity or dislocation at the DRUJ. CT can aid in complex or occult injuries.

Management: Most Galeazzi fractures require operative management. Definitive treatment usually entails open reduction and internal fixation of the distal radius fracture, with reduction and stabilization of the DRUJ. This may involve percutaneous pins or soft-tissue repair to restore stability. Postoperative immobilization followed by rehabilitation is common.

Complications and prognosis: Delayed or missed DRUJ instability can lead to chronic pain, reduced forearm rotation, and arthritis. With timely surgical fixation and proper rehabilitation, functional recovery is typically favorable, though outcome depends on injury severity and stability after fixation.

See also: Monteggia fracture.