GLRaV
GLRaV, short for Grapevine leafroll-associated virus, denotes a group of related plant viruses that cause grapevine leafroll disease. The viruses are primarily transmitted by mealybugs and soft scale insects and are largely confined to the phloem tissue of grapevines. Among the group, GLRaV-3 is the most widespread and economically significant, but several other GLRaV species have been identified in vineyards worldwide.
Symptoms of GLRaV infection vary by cultivar and environment. In red-berry cultivars, leaves typically show interveinal
Detection and identification rely on laboratory assays. Serological tests such as ELISA can detect GLRaV antigens,
Distribution and impact: GLRaV viruses are found in many grape-producing regions around the world. They are
Management: Control strategies focus on using certified virus-free planting stock, destruction of infected vines, and management