G3BP12

G3BP12 is not a standard designation in major public databases for a human protein. It may reflect a misnomer, a laboratory-specific construct, or an informal reference to members of the G3BP family (G3BP1 and G3BP2) rather than a distinct, recognized entity. The G3BP family comprises two human paralogs that share functional similarities yet can have distinct expression patterns and roles.

G3BP proteins are RNA-binding proteins named for their interaction with Ras GTPase-activating protein and SH3-domain-containing proteins. In humans, G3BP1 and G3BP2 each contain an N-terminal NTF2-like domain, a central RNA recognition motif (RRM), and a C-terminal region that mediates additional protein interactions. They bind RNA and participate in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.

A central function of G3BP1 and G3BP2 is as nucleators of cytoplasmic stress granules during cellular stress. By binding RNA and interacting with partners such as Caprin1 and USP10, they promote the assembly of stress granules, where translation is repressed and certain mRNAs are sequestered for protection or selective translation upon recovery. Beyond stress granule dynamics, G3BPs are involved in signaling pathways related to Ras/MAPK and can influence mRNA stability and localization.

Clinical and biological relevance encompasses roles in cancer progression, viral replication, and neurodegenerative processes, with expression levels and post-translational modifications shaping function. If you encounter the term “G3BP12” in a resource, it is advisable to verify whether it refers to G3BP1, G3BP2, a specific isoform, or a chimeric construct, as standard usage favors G3BP1 and G3BP2.