Fósturvöxtur

Fósturvöxtur, or fetal growth, refers to the development of an embryo and fetus within the womb during pregnancy. This process is a critical phase of human reproduction, spanning from conception to birth, typically lasting around 38–40 weeks. Proper fetal growth depends on various factors, including maternal health, nutrition, genetic inheritance, and environmental conditions.

During the early stages of pregnancy, the zygote undergoes rapid cell division and differentiation, forming the blastocyst, which implants into the uterine lining. By the end of the first trimester, the fetus has developed major organs and systems, though they remain underdeveloped. The second and third trimesters focus on growth and maturation, with the fetus gaining weight, refining motor skills, and preparing for life outside the womb.

Fetal growth is monitored through prenatal care, which includes ultrasound scans, measurements of uterine size, and assessments of fetal movement. Deviations from expected growth patterns may indicate complications such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) or macrosomia, conditions that can affect maternal and neonatal outcomes. Nutrition plays a vital role, as inadequate intake of essential nutrients—such as proteins, vitamins, and minerals—can impair development.

Genetic factors also influence fetal growth, as inherited traits determine baseline growth rates and susceptibility to certain conditions. Environmental influences, including maternal stress, substance use, or exposure to toxins, can further impact development. Proper prenatal care helps mitigate risks and ensures optimal conditions for healthy fetal growth and delivery.