Fächergewölbe

Fächergewölbe, meaning fan vaulting in English, is a distinctive type of vaulting used in Gothic architecture. It is characterized by the radial arrangement of ribs that spread out from a central point, resembling the ribs of a fan. Unlike earlier ribbed vaults which often followed geometric patterns, fan vaults create a more fluid and decorative surface. The ribs are typically of equal curvature and are set at equal distances apart, creating a visually dynamic effect.

This architectural innovation is most commonly found in England, particularly during the late Gothic period, often referred to as the Perpendicular style. Its development can be traced to the 14th century, with its most celebrated examples appearing in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. The construction of fan vaults required considerable skill and engineering prowess. The ribs are not merely decorative but also serve a structural purpose, distributing the weight of the vault to the supporting piers.

Notable examples of fächergewölbe can be seen in numerous English cathedrals and chapels. The cloisters of Gloucester Cathedral are widely considered one of the earliest and finest examples, dating from the mid-14th century. King's College Chapel in Cambridge and Henry VII's Chapel at Westminster Abbey also showcase spectacular and elaborate fan vaulting, demonstrating the style's evolution towards increasingly complex and ornate designs. The visual impact of fächergewölbe is one of lightness and expansion, creating a sense of spaciousness within the vaulted structures.