Fuusion

Fuusion is a theoretical energy concept that envisions integrating nuclear fusion and nuclear fission within a single reactor system to produce energy more efficiently than either process alone. The term combines fusion and fission, with an emphasis on unifying their mechanisms. In prominent speculative designs, fuusion envisions a fusion core that emits high-energy neutrons which then enter a surrounding blanket containing fissile or fertile material, where fission reactions release additional energy.

Conceptually, fuusion designs fall into categories where the fission blanket is driven by the fusion neutron flux, potentially operating in a subcritical or near-critical regime. This arrangement could, in principle, amplify energy output while providing enhanced control over the reaction rate. Some proposals also explore direct coupling approaches that couple the fusion plasma to a neighboring fission region, though these remain highly theoretical. Fuel cycles for the blanket might aim to extend fuel resources or enable breeding of new fissile or fertile isotopes, depending on material choices.

Potential advantages attributed to fuusion include high overall energy density, the possibility of utilizing abundant fuels, and improved safety characteristics through neutron-driven control. Critics, however, point to substantial challenges such as materials capable of withstanding intense neutron irradiation, effective tritium management, complex engineering, neutron economy, waste handling, and regulatory hurdles. As a concept, fuusion has not been demonstrated experimentally and remains the subject of theoretical studies and speculative discourse, with ongoing debate about its practical viability and timeline.

See also: fusion power, fission, fusion–fission hybrid, nuclear reactor safety.