Funktionalisaation

Funktionalisaation is a term used in chemistry and materials science to describe the process of adding specific chemical functional groups to a molecule or a material. This modification aims to impart new properties or enhance existing ones, thereby altering the chemical behavior and reactivity of the substance. The introduction of these functional groups can change solubility, surface characteristics, reactivity towards other molecules, or even optical and electrical properties.

The methods for functionalisation are diverse and depend on the target molecule or material. Common techniques include covalent bonding, where functional groups are chemically attached, or non-covalent interactions, such as adsorption or complexation. For example, in organic chemistry, functionalisation often involves reactions like oxidation, reduction, or substitution to introduce groups like hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), or amino (-NH2). In materials science, functionalisation can be applied to surfaces of nanoparticles, polymers, or even bulk materials to create tailored interfaces for specific applications.

The primary goal of functionalisation is to achieve desired performance characteristics for a particular use. This could involve creating catalysts with increased activity, developing sensors with higher sensitivity, or designing biocompatible materials for medical implants. The precise control over the type and placement of functional groups is crucial for optimizing the outcome of the functionalisation process.