Funksignals

Funksignals, or radio signals, are electromagnetic waves used to convey information through space without physical connections. They are characterized by frequency, wavelength, amplitude, and phase, and can be modulated to carry data. Funksignals span a wide range from longwave to microwave bands and may travel short or long distances depending on power and environment.

Transmission and modulation: A transmitter converts an input signal into a radio-frequency carrier and radiates it via an antenna. Information is encoded by modulation, including analog methods such as amplitude (AM), frequency (FM), and phase (PM), and digital methods such as PSK, QAM, FSK, and OFDM. Modulation choice affects data rate, robustness, and bandwidth.

Propagation and reception: Radio waves propagate through space and can reflect, refract, and diffract off objects. Performance depends on frequency, power, atmospheric conditions, and terrain. Receivers use antennas and demodulators to retrieve the signal, often with error-correction.

Applications: Funksignals enable broadcasting, mobile and fixed wireless communication, satellite links, radar, navigation, and wireless data networks such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.

Regulation and standards: Use is regulated by national authorities and international bodies, notably the ITU. Governments allocate frequency bands and set emission limits, while standards organizations define interoperable interfaces and encoding schemes.