Fototóxicos

Fototóxicos refers to substances that become toxic or cause harm when exposed to light. This phenomenon, known as photosensitivity or phototoxicity, can occur when a chemical agent is absorbed by the skin or ingested, and subsequent exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation triggers a reaction. The light energy can activate the fototóxico substance, leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species or other damaging chemical intermediates. These intermediates can then injure cells, causing symptoms that range from mild irritation and redness to severe burns, blistering, and swelling, often resembling an exaggerated sunburn.

Many common substances can be fototóxicos. Certain medications, both topical and oral, are known to increase photosensitivity. These include some antibiotics, diuretics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and retinoids. Additionally, some plant compounds, such as those found in citrus fruits (psoralens) and certain flowers, can cause phytophotodermatitis when skin comes into contact with them and is then exposed to sunlight. Certain fragrances and dyes can also exhibit fototóxico properties.

The severity of a fototóxico reaction depends on various factors, including the concentration of the substance, the intensity and duration of light exposure, and individual skin sensitivity. Prevention involves awareness of potential fototóxico agents and minimizing exposure to direct sunlight, especially during peak UV hours, by using protective clothing and broad-spectrum sunscreens. If a fototóxico reaction occurs, avoiding further light exposure and consulting a healthcare professional for appropriate treatment is recommended.