Fotosensitoinnissa

Fotosensitoinnissa, often translated as photosensitization, is a process where a substance absorbs light energy and then transfers this energy to another molecule. This transfer of energy can initiate a chemical reaction that would not otherwise occur. In biological contexts, photosensitization can involve molecules within living organisms, such as porphyrins or certain dyes, absorbing light and then transferring energy to oxygen, forming reactive oxygen species like singlet oxygen.

This process has both beneficial and detrimental effects. In medicine, photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes photosensitizing agents that are administered to a patient. When exposed to specific wavelengths of light, these agents become activated and produce reactive oxygen species that can destroy targeted cells, such as cancer cells or bacteria. This localized cell destruction makes PDT a valuable treatment option with fewer systemic side effects compared to traditional therapies.

However, fotosensitoinnissa can also be harmful. Certain medications, chemicals, or even natural plant compounds can act as photosensitizers. When a person exposed to these substances then encounters sunlight or artificial UV light, the absorbed energy can lead to an exaggerated inflammatory response in the skin. This can manifest as sunburn-like reactions, rashes, blisters, or increased sensitivity to light, a condition known as photosensitivity. The severity of the reaction depends on the specific photosensitizer, the dose, and the intensity and duration of light exposure.