Fosforamida

Fosforamida, known in English as phosphoramide, is a class of organophosphorus compounds that contain a phosphoryl group (P=O) bonded to nitrogen substituents. The defining feature is a phosphorus(V) center bearing a P=O bond and three amide-type substituents, giving derivatives with the general skeleton (R1R2N)3P=O or related structures where some substituents are OR or NR groups. The parent compound phosphoramide can be represented as H2N-P(=O)(NH2)2, but many simpler and more complex derivatives exist.

Phosphoramides are typically prepared by reactions that introduce amide-type nitrogen onto a phosphoryl reagent, often starting from phosphorus oxychloride or related phosphorus(V) oxy compounds, followed by substitution and, if necessary, hydrolysis or oxidation. They are usually white solids or liquids with varying polarity.

Common uses include serving as reagents in organic synthesis, as polar aprotic solvents in certain reactions, and as ligands or precursors in organophosphorus chemistry. Polyphosphoramidates derived from phosphoramide units are investigated as flame retardants and as polymerization or crosslinking agents.

Safety and handling: phosphoramides are generally reactive and can be irritants or toxic in some derivatives. They should be handled with appropriate personal protective equipment, in well-ventilated areas, and waste treated according to chemical safety guidelines. They are not typically found in nature and are produced for industrial and laboratory use.