Fosfatkalsiumbalanse

Fosfatkalsiumbalanse refers to the intricate and crucial equilibrium between phosphate and calcium levels within the body, primarily in the blood. These two minerals are essential for numerous physiological processes, including bone and tooth formation, muscle contraction, nerve function, and blood clotting. Maintaining a stable balance is vital for overall health, and deviations can lead to significant health problems.

The body tightly regulates calcium and phosphate levels through a complex interplay of hormones. Parathyroid hormone (PTH), secreted by the parathyroid glands, plays a central role. When calcium levels drop, PTH is released, stimulating the kidneys to reabsorb more calcium and release more phosphate, while also promoting the release of calcium from bone. Conversely, calcitonin, a hormone from the thyroid gland, acts to lower both calcium and phosphate levels, though its role in humans is less prominent than PTH. Vitamin D, in its active form (calcitriol), also significantly influences this balance by enhancing intestinal absorption of both calcium and phosphate.

Disruptions in fosfatkalsiumbalanse can manifest as hypocalcemia (low calcium), hypercalcemia (high calcium), hypophosphatemia (low phosphate), or hyperphosphatemia (high phosphate). These imbalances can be caused by various factors, including kidney disease, parathyroid disorders, certain medications, nutritional deficiencies or excesses, and specific medical conditions like osteoporosis or rickets. Managing these imbalances often involves addressing the underlying cause and may require dietary adjustments, medication, or other therapeutic interventions to restore homeostasis and prevent complications.