Forsvarsmekanismen

Forsvarsmekanismen, often translated as defense mechanism, refers to unconscious psychological strategies used by individuals to cope with reality and maintain self-image. These mechanisms are thought to protect a person from feelings of anxiety or unacceptable thoughts and feelings. Sigmund Freud, a pioneer in psychoanalysis, and his daughter Anna Freud were instrumental in developing the concept of defense mechanisms.

Common defense mechanisms include repression, denial, projection, displacement, rationalization, regression, and sublimation. Repression involves pushing unwanted thoughts or memories into the unconscious mind. Denial is refusing to accept reality or facts. Projection is attributing one's own unacceptable feelings or thoughts to someone else. Displacement involves redirecting an emotion from its original source to a different, less threatening target. Rationalization is creating logical excuses for behavior that is actually driven by unconscious motives. Regression is reverting to an earlier stage of development in response to stress. Sublimation is channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities.

Defense mechanisms are considered a normal part of human psychology, helping individuals navigate difficult emotions and situations. However, overuse or reliance on certain defense mechanisms can be maladaptive, leading to psychological distress or impaired functioning. Psychotherapy often involves exploring and understanding an individual's defense mechanisms to facilitate healthier coping strategies.