Flüssigkeitsakkumulation

Flüssigkeitsakkumulation, often referred to as edema, is the abnormal buildup of fluid in the body's tissues. This can occur in various locations, leading to swelling in specific areas or generalized fluid retention. The underlying cause of fluid accumulation is typically an imbalance in the forces that regulate fluid exchange between the blood vessels and the surrounding tissues. These forces include hydrostatic pressure, which pushes fluid out of the vessels, and osmotic pressure, which pulls fluid back in.

Several factors can disrupt this delicate balance. Increased hydrostatic pressure can be caused by conditions like heart failure, where the heart's inability to pump blood effectively leads to a backup of fluid. Kidney disease can also contribute, as impaired kidney function reduces the body's ability to excrete excess fluid and sodium. Liver disease can affect the production of albumin, a protein that helps maintain osmotic pressure, leading to fluid leakage into tissues. Allergic reactions and inflammation can also increase the permeability of blood vessels, allowing fluid to escape into the interstitial space. Furthermore, certain medications, prolonged sitting or standing, and a high-salt diet can exacerbate fluid accumulation.

The symptoms of Flüssigkeitsakkumulation vary depending on the location and severity. Common signs include visible swelling, particularly in the legs, ankles, and feet. Pitting edema, where a depression remains after pressing on the swollen area, is a characteristic sign. Generalized edema can affect the entire body. Depending on the underlying cause, other symptoms may include shortness of breath, weight gain, and discomfort. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and potentially diagnostic tests such as blood work, urine tests, and imaging studies to identify the root cause. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying condition and managing the fluid buildup through dietary modifications, medications to promote fluid excretion, and compression therapy.