Fluorsüsivesinikud

Fluorsüsivesinikud is the Estonian term for fluorocarbons. These are organic compounds in which hydrogen atoms are replaced by fluorine atoms. The simplest fluorocarbons are methane derivatives like fluoromethane (CH3F) and difluoromethane (CH2F2). As the number of fluorine atoms increases, the properties of the compound change significantly.

Fluorocarbons exhibit a wide range of physical and chemical properties depending on their structure and fluorine content. Many simple fluorocarbons are gases at room temperature, while more complex ones can be liquids or solids. They are generally characterized by low reactivity, high thermal stability, and non-flammability. This inertness makes them useful in various applications.

Historically, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) were widely used as refrigerants, propellants in aerosol cans, and solvents. However, their detrimental effect on the ozone layer led to international agreements like the Montreal Protocol, phasing out their production and use. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) were introduced as replacements, as they do not deplete the ozone layer. More recently, hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) are being developed and adopted as even more environmentally friendly alternatives due to their lower global warming potential.

Fluorocarbons are also used in specialized applications such as fire suppressants, electrical insulators, and in the manufacturing of certain polymers. Research continues to develop new fluorocarbon compounds with improved environmental profiles and specialized functionalities.