Flukonatsoli

Flukonatsoli, also known as fluconazole, is an azole antifungal medication used to treat a range of fungal infections in humans. It works by inhibiting the fungal enzyme lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase, a component of the cytochrome P450 system, which disrupts ergosterol synthesis and weakens the fungal cell membrane.

The drug is active mainly against Candida species (including Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis) and Cryptococcus neoformans, and it is effective for certain endemic mycoses. It has limited activity against molds such as Aspergillus species. Flukonatsoli is commonly used for candidiasis (oral, esophageal, vaginal), cryptococcal meningitis, and prophylaxis in select immunocompromised patients.

Pharmacokinetically, fluconazole is well absorbed orally with high bioavailability and achieves wide distribution, including the central nervous system. It is primarily eliminated by the kidneys, and dose adjustments are often required in renal impairment. The drug is available in oral and intravenous forms, enabling outpatient and inpatient use.

Common considerations include potential adverse effects such as nausea, abdominal pain, headache, rash, and rare hepatotoxicity. Serious liver injury and QT prolongation have been reported, though infrequent. Fluconazole can interact with drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes (notably CYP2C19, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4), including warfarin, phenytoin, cyclosporine, and rifampin, necessitating monitoring and possible dose adjustments. Use during pregnancy is generally cautious, with risk-benefit considerations required.

Resistance can occur, particularly among non-albicans Candida species, and may limit efficacy in some infections. Flukonatsoli is available as a generic medication under various brand names.