Fixációk

Fixációk, in psychology, refers to a persistent attachment to an object, person, or idea that hinders further psychological development. This concept, primarily associated with Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, suggests that fixations can occur during psychosexual stages of development. If a child experiences too much or too little gratification at a particular stage, their libido may become fixated on that stage.

Common examples of fixations include oral fixations, where an individual may exhibit behaviors like smoking, overeating, or excessive talking, stemming from unresolved issues in the oral stage. Anal fixations can manifest as an obsession with orderliness and control (anal-retentive) or messiness and rebellion (anal-expulsive), related to experiences during the anal stage. Phallic fixations are linked to difficulties with gender identity and relationships, arising from the Oedipus or Electra complex. Latency and genital stage fixations are less commonly discussed but can also influence adult personality and behavior.

These fixations are believed to represent an incomplete resolution of developmental conflicts. In adulthood, a fixation can lead to characteristic personality traits, defense mechanisms, and neurotic symptoms. Psychoanalytic therapy aims to uncover and resolve these fixations by bringing unconscious conflicts to conscious awareness, allowing the individual to move past them and achieve healthier psychological functioning. While the concept originated in psychoanalysis, it has influenced broader understandings of personality development and the impact of early experiences.