Freuds

Freuds is a surname associated with a prominent Vienna-based Jewish family whose members made lasting contributions to psychoanalysis, architecture, and modern painting. The best known figure is Sigmund Freud (1856–1939), the neurologist who founded psychoanalysis and developed theories of the unconscious, defense mechanisms, dream interpretation, and psychosexual development. His ideas shaped psychology, literature, and cultural studies.

Sigmund Freud's children also influenced the family's legacy. Anna Freud (1895–1982) was a pioneering psychoanalyst who advanced child analysis and ego psychology. Ernst Freud (1885–1984) became a noted architect in Britain and designed commissions after emigrating with his family. Lucian Freud (1922–2011), Ernst's son, was an acclaimed painter whose figurative works gained international recognition.

The Freuds left Austria after the rise of Nazism and settled in Britain, where Sigmund Freud continued to work until his death. His London residence, the Hampstead house at 20 Maresfield Gardens, later became the Freud Museum, preserving his study and correspondence.

Collectively, the Freuds are remembered for their influence across clinical theory, art, and design, as well as for their role in early 20th-century intellectual life in Europe and the UK.