Fiordland

Fiordland is a region in the southwest corner of New Zealand's South Island. It includes Fiordland National Park, the country’s largest national park by area, and is part of Te Wahipounamu, a UNESCO World Heritage Area recognized for its outstanding natural value.

Geography and geology: The landscape is dominated by steep, glaciated valleys that were carved by ice and later flooded by the sea to form fiords. Notable inlets include Milford Sound, Doubtful Sound and Dusky Sound. The terrain features the Darran Mountains and a mix of temperate rainforest, alpine vegetation, and sheer cliff faces. The climate is among the wettest in New Zealand, with frequent rain, mist and cool temperatures.

Ecology: Fiordland supports rich marine environments in its fiords and extensive forest habitats on the surrounding slopes. The area is home to a variety of native birds and other wildlife, and conservation measures seek to protect fragile ecosystems and endangered species.

Human activity: Population in the region is sparse. Te Anau is the main gateway town to Fiordland National Park, and tourism is a major industry, including guided boat cruises, kayaking and hiking. The Milford, Kepler and Routeburn Tracks are among New Zealand’s Great Walks and attract visitors from around the world.

Access and infrastructure: Milford Sound is reached via State Highway 94, which passes through the Homer Tunnel. Doubtful Sound is accessed by road and boat trips from Manapouri. The Manapouri Hydroelectric Station is a notable energy facility within the region.

Conservation status: Fiordland National Park was established in 1952 and forms part of Te Wahipounamu, a UNESCO World Heritage Property designated in 1990. The area is managed by the Department of Conservation.