Filtratsioonivoo

Filtratsioonivoo, known scientifically as filtration flux, refers to the volume of fluid that passes through a unit area of a filtration membrane per unit of time. It is a critical parameter in assessing the performance and efficiency of filtration processes, particularly in applications such as water purification, chemical separation, and biological analysis. The units for filtration flux are typically expressed as liters per square meter per hour (L/m²/h) or, in some contexts, milliliters per square centimeter per minute (mL/cm²/min).

Several factors influence filtration flux. The driving force behind filtration, often a pressure difference across the membrane (transmembrane pressure), is a primary determinant. Higher pressure generally leads to increased flux, though this can be limited by membrane properties and fouling. The properties of the fluid being filtered, such as its viscosity and the presence of suspended solids or dissolved solutes, also play a significant role. More viscous fluids or those with a higher concentration of particles tend to exhibit lower flux.

Membrane characteristics are equally important. The pore size and distribution, surface area, and material of the membrane directly affect its permeability. A membrane with larger pores or a larger effective surface area will generally allow for a higher filtration flux, assuming other factors remain constant. Membrane fouling, the accumulation of retained material on the membrane surface or within its pores, is a major cause of flux decline over time, necessitating cleaning or replacement of the membrane. Understanding and controlling filtration flux is essential for optimizing filtration system design and operation.