Filefishes

Filefishes are a family of marine fish, Monacanthidae, belonging to the order Tetraodontiformes. They are characterized by their rough, sandpaper-like skin and a distinctive spine on the dorsal fin, which can be locked upright. The name "filefish" is derived from their skin texture, which resembles that of a carpenter's file. This family is widespread, found in tropical and subtropical oceans around the world, though they are most abundant in the Indo-Pacific region.

Filefish vary in size, from small species measuring only a few centimeters to larger ones that can exceed fifty centimeters in length. Their body shapes are often laterally compressed, and many species exhibit vibrant colors and patterns, serving as camouflage or for species recognition. They are generally solitary or found in pairs. Their diet consists mainly of algae, small invertebrates, and plankton, which they forage for among coral reefs, seagrass beds, and rocky outcrops.

Reproduction in filefish typically involves the female laying eggs, which are then fertilized by the male. Some species have been observed to guard their eggs. Despite their widespread distribution, filefish are not a significant target for commercial fisheries, though some species are consumed locally. Their rough skin makes them less appealing for recreational fishing. They play a role in their ecosystems by consuming algae and invertebrates.