Fierul

Fierul is the Romanian word for the chemical element iron. In English, the element is iron, with the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. Iron is a metallic element that is abundant in the Earth’s core and crust, and it is known for its strength, ductility, and magnetic properties. At room temperature it is ferromagnetic and can exist in several allotropes, including ferrite (alpha-iron) and austenite (gamma-iron).

Iron occurs mainly in minerals such as hematite and magnetite and is obtained through mining and smelting. The metallic iron produced is then refined to form various products, most prominently steel. Iron and steel are used in construction, transportation, machinery, tools, and countless consumer goods. The alloying of iron with carbon and other elements yields different steels and cast irons, each with distinct properties.

Physically, iron has a high density (about 7.87 g/cm³) and a high melting point (about 1,538°C). It oxidizes in the presence of air and moisture to form iron oxides, commonly known as rust, which is a major corrosion concern. Iron is also recyclable and forms a significant part of global metal recycling streams.

Biologically, iron is essential for many organisms. In humans, iron is a key component of hemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen in the blood, and it plays a critical role in various enzymatic processes.

Historically, iron has been central to technology and industry since ancient times, with the Iron Age marking its early widespread use. Today, iron and steel production remain foundational to modern economies, with ongoing emphasis on efficient use and recycling.