Feszültségkorróziós

Feszültségkorrózió, also known as stress corrosion cracking (SCC), is a materials degradation phenomenon that occurs when a susceptible material is exposed to a corrosive environment under tensile stress. This combination of factors can lead to the initiation and propagation of cracks, even at stress levels significantly below the material's yield strength. The process typically involves an electrochemical attack on the metal's surface, which is exacerbated by the applied stress. The stress concentrates at microscopic imperfections, allowing the corrosive species to penetrate and widen the crack.

The susceptibility of a material to feszültségkorrózió depends on a complex interplay of factors including the material's composition, the specific corrosive environment, and the magnitude and type of applied stress. Different alloys exhibit different sensitivities to particular corrosive media. For instance, certain stainless steels are prone to SCC in chloride-containing environments, while aluminum alloys can suffer from SCC in environments containing chlorides or hydroxides.

Feszültségkorrózió can manifest in various forms, including intergranular cracking (following grain boundaries) or transgranular cracking (across grain boundaries). The consequences of SCC can be severe, leading to sudden and catastrophic failure of components, even with minimal visible surface damage. Identifying and mitigating feszültségkorrózió is crucial in many industries, including aerospace, chemical processing, and infrastructure, where the reliability and safety of metallic components are paramount. Prevention strategies often involve controlling the environment, reducing stress levels through design or post-manufacturing treatments, or selecting more resistant materials.